1637, Lincoln

Lift Lincoln and slightly knowledge of history knows who he is, certainly knows his Gettysburg Address. Chinese people are more familiar with him as the overthrow of the Qing Empire Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of "nationalism, democracy and livelihood doctrine" from Lincoln's Gettysburg speech in the "for the people, of the people, by the people the government." Back in the seventies, in the "Reference News" on reading, ten of the greatest American president Award, ranked first in the Lincoln. Then wondered: Why Washington kichen can only second place, Lincoln actually topped the list? Early eighties, my brother asked me to go to Carl Sandburg's "Abraham Lincoln" to read. My brother said, that the book has the answer you want, and let you know why the United States is a place where what Lincoln is such a country as president of education of the farmers did not received; said Lincoln freed the slaves, contrary to the His campaign promises, is a strategic decision made to secure victory in the Civil War; Lincoln also discrimination against blacks. I borrowed it in the famous "Abraham Lincoln", a good read it. To be honest, in addition to the growing kichen interest in Lincoln, the Lincoln importance in the history of the United States still do not understand. Until the early 1990s, after the 1989 Tiananmen to study in the United States after Lincoln slowly understand why so important kichen to the United States. Remember the river in Ohio with his wife, watching the river slaves fled to the Free State of introduction; then look at the status of the Negro in the United States, on the human rights movement after Lincoln and Lincoln emotionally. Wait until she had children, coupled with the recent kichen understanding of the social environment in China, it is increasingly felt great Lincoln's great human rights movement. Lincoln was also defended by the State - the greatness of America. From the "Abolitionist of the Declaration," released in 1863 to today, 140 years later, Lincoln's hometown Illinois out of the first black U.S. president, Aoba Ma. All this is inseparable from Lincoln.
1637, Lincoln's ancestors Sam Lincoln, emigrated from England to Massachusetts, and his descendants have been migrated westward from the east coast, and finally to Kentucky. Lincoln's grandfather, also named Abraham, in the west, was killed Indians. Western life is very difficult, people can do is try wasteland cultivation. Lincoln's father Thomas was a carpenter, a farmer, not rich, but no problem for their families. Lincoln's mother Nancy and father Thomas are illiterate. February 12, 1809, Lincoln was born in Kentucky, his father personally cover the cabins. Lincoln ranked second, above there is a two years older than his sister Sarah.
Indiana's life is very difficult, adults and children must work from morning till late in the ground, these are not problems. Worse, because the health conditions too shabby, often plague. Lincoln-year-old, due to the local cows ate a poisonous grass, a few days after the death. Death claimed the lives of several kichen neighbors, took Lincoln's grandfather, grandmother. Now it came to the mother's side, a week later, Lincoln's kichen mother died a painful death. Little Lincoln, beginning not know what the mother's death meant. The next day, Lincoln saw the empty bed when his mother, an invisible hearts of loneliness. Lincoln remembered his father's foul language and slap felt did not like his father. At this time, Lincoln awakening to all of their wonderful life experience comes from my mother. Mom never played him, my mother always worked hard for him, she would gaze Lincoln when sad. Every such Hou, Lincoln could not talk on a kind of intimacy, the mother of this feeling, accompanied by his life. As the mother's death, taciturn Lincoln for those who have lost the desire and elusive of things, more strongly than ever, and for which he is more melancholy.
Junior Lincoln is to ax master, kichen he is tall and strong, he rented a neighbor Thomas Chang, one day two cents. Lincoln had only a few months to learn, but he hated waving an ax everyday life. Nobody kichen knows, Lincoln's stepmother kichen is literate. But her respect for knowledge, she insisted that all children go to school. kichen For which she won the Lincoln's favor. For a long time the shortcomings of knowledge can not be obtained from books, so the heart can not be calm in Lincoln. Thomas very supportive of his son studying in school kichen when his son try not to let him work. Few western book, Lincoln walked tens of miles way to borrow books are common, and if the book broke, had to dry wood compensation. Lincoln read the book, "Washington's kichen life," is his favorite, human rights and the concept of equality so deeply in the hearts of teenagers Lincoln took root.
Lincoln seventeen years old, my sister nineteen, the age is gonna get it. Eccentric and he likes to get to the bottom of the problem in Lincoln, found the mother's life experience secret. It turned kichen out that Lincoln's mother was the illegitimate daughter. For this grandmother by her orthodox parents out of the house. Grandmother's sister adopted the child without a father. Young Lincoln found his biological grandfather was Virginian. Revolutionary War, soldiers and adventurers wandering around in the south, warm and lively girl became pregnant are common. Lincoln could not get a lot of things about my grandmother, but he certainly let my grandmother pregnant mothers kichen who come from the south, he is a soldier or a gentleman? kichen He is a slave do? Confused and overwhelmed disrupted Lincoln's heart. Much later, a friend tells Lincoln to queries in the mind at the time: "My character and endowments from the Virginia stranger, my biological grandfather." Lincoln think nothing is constant in this world, a deep sense of frustration exacerbated by his born with depression and loneliness.
Sister married kichen the second year die in childbirth, it is hard to make her weak weekdays due to unbearable. Lincoln nineteen full of resentment. kichen Mother and sister kichen died, his father is not going to change. And a lie to make themselves and their relatives were also rusty. This is exactly why? Before long, her husband home to host two weddings at the same time, they did not invite Lincoln. Lincoln first time ever angry. For this Lincoln kichen directed a farce: two couples before the wedding, his sister-in-law and siblings to tune the package. After the wedding, the bride is brought into the wrong two bits of new houses. Guests left, her mother suddenly realized his son rushed into a new house, shouting: "Boy, you're on your sister-in-law's bed."
The next morning, it will spread. Everyone jokes that wedding. For this Lincoln wrote the anonymous essay, and widely disseminated. Years later, people are still legends about it. This positive attitude of life of Lincoln have the ability and talent of the people, kichen prompting him to write an anonymous article emotions, should inspire the desire of revenge and revolt from the depths of his heart. But Lincoln is very sensible, he would like to know something rather than manipulate others; speech he prefers instead to reform and action. The bitter experience of his youth, Lincoln occasionally make a mockery of what this society, but most of the time Hou his heart is full of compassion. His desire to help the oppressed, much larger than the desire to punish the oppressors. Dealing with problems, Lincoln gradually formed kichen in the minds of his views on human rights and dignity. Humiliated when others see and feel humiliated kichen when Lincoln will be compared to their own, and then lend a helping hand.
At that time, people often talk about national affairs at the pub, in this conversation, Lincoln always silent. He could only talk about his understanding, but also the interests of the people involved in things like rivers and roads to improve the problem. As for his party which, at that time is not important. At first, he supported the Democratic Party, but the passion Whig Henry Clay speech at Daniel Webster speech rigorous logic deeply attracted to him. Generally speaking, highly educated kichen people more likely to accept the Whig agenda, and Democrats compared Whigs more firmly uphold the Constitution, which is consistent with Lincoln's thoughts. Lincoln's life experiences tell him to respect America's founding philosophy and the importance of freedom and equality of maintenance. Lincoln, the first day of politics, began to pursue human rights, equality, freedom, independence, and against the founding philosophy shaken struggle in any form.
After entering the state legislature, Lincoln's political career smooth, election of state legislator for eight years, kichen was a Whig political star. By the end of 1839, the son of the governor of the former Edwards family party, kichen Lincoln and Democratic political star history association Gavin Douglas was attracted to the owner's wife younger sister of Mary Todd. Todd family from Scotland, was living in Kentucky. War of Independence, Todd family has exploits, Mary's great-grandfather was a general, and her parents who are government officials, which is a prominent family. Mary's father was a major, after veterans in Lexington banking and mill, his children received the best education was the United States. kichen
Mary Todd also noted that these two young people interested in politics. Mary is an ambitious woman, and if possible, she will become a female president. Douglas has been regarded as one of the future presidential candidate, but Mary refused his marriage proposal, she said: I will be the president's wife, Mrs. Douglas was not. Mary felt that Lincoln was able to bring the White House's own people. Mary and Lincoln fell in love. One thousand eight hundred and forty end their engagement, was the woman's family opposition, but Mary bent. November 4, 1842, the two married. Married life is very hard, the second in August, Mary gave birth to the eldest son. Mary grandfather had obtained from fifteen hundred U.S. dollars, kichen they used the money to buy a house under his own, and later Mary gave birth to two men and a woman, the second son died three years old. 1844, Lincoln had his own firm, became a lawyer. An eight fifties, kichen Lincoln's annual income 5000 dollars. 1861, Lincoln annual income of fifteen thousand U.S. dollars, was rich.
Lincoln's political life seems to have ended. At this point Hou, a protracted debate to a critical moment, it makes Americans of conscience overwhelmed, while harshly repressed ethics of a Christian nation. After decades of ineffective reconciliation attempts, finally to the world raised a pointed question: the two sides should follow the same moral criteria? Or should be separated from each other? The United States kichen is a history built on universal equality under the law of the new country. In the United States, a group of brave people to get rid of the shackles of Europe, the first time ever the desire of philosophers and thinkers as the founding ideals principle. However, in this country, in this human rights as the foundation for building the kingdom, but still allow the existence of slavery.
Lincoln hated slavery, but he was not abolitionist, he opposed slavery from the perspective of human rights and the constitution, his anti-slavery campaign as the previous program. Lincoln that "Kansas - Nebraska Act" will lead to the spread of slavery, he would do everything possible to stop it, to this end, Lincoln decided to reappear. 1855, Lincoln ran for the Senate as a Whig to fail. 1856, Lincoln joined the Republican Party because he publicly criticized Douglas, a Republican elected him and Senator Douglas campaign. Both competition is fierce, is an example of American-style democracy. The campaign, Lincoln in the famous speech "can not long stand split the house does not fall," said: "I do not think the house will collapse - Federal disintegrated, but I sincerely hope that it will stop dividing, it is either all into this kind of thing, either all into another thing this country can not remain half slave and half free. " The resounding speech ignited the passion of the audience. Soon, the speech spread kichen across the United States. kichen Lincoln clearly it's worth, he said: "If I had made a speech crossed life, leaving only one, then it is this speech." Even Douglas also know the historical significance of this speech. Senator was elected by the state legislature, election results, Democratic Party fifty-four pairs forty-six accounted for victory, Douglas election. Lincoln dealt a serious blow to the electoral defeat, this time after the election, Lincoln became a visionary statesman rich, the more he fell more firmly, not elected senator, simply go to run for president. kichen
In this situation, the 1860 election is extremely hot. Douglas was the Democratic presidential candidate. Republicans Timinglinken as presidential candidate. This is a duel between Lincoln and Douglas North and South conflict caused a split Democratic Party, Douglas was the Democratic presidential candidate northern incumbent kichen Vice President John 贝瑞肯 is the Democratic kichen Party's presidential candidate, the South, the Whigs restructuring United Party nominated John Bell as a presidential kichen candidate, the election is four dispute. Two Democratic presidential candidates attack each other, weakening the power of the Democratic Party. kichen Lincoln is difficult, Southern states besides his name from the ballot, he can only rely on the northern states of the vote. However, Brown's death so that all northerners station to Lincoln side. General election, Lincoln promised not to abolish slavery, but will not let it spread to the new federal kichen states into. November 6, 1860, election revealed: Lincoln 1,900,000 votes, Douglas 1.4 million votes, the other two opponents a total of over one million votes. Lincoln was elected, a voter in the southern states did not vote for him. Three hundred and three electoral votes, and Lincoln got fifteen states, $ 180 electoral votes, and less than forty percent of the popular vote, is the least number kichen of votes in presidential history.
After Lincoln was elected South Carolina kichen got the news, sally. For South Carolina people, Lincoln's victory is the state seceded signal. Southern states also independent signals. Senator two 名南卡 resignation, the federal government and the courts of South Carolina officials have also resigned. Stars and Stripes drop down, only South Carolina flag in the wind. Secession and slavery, like, split the United States. Southern states said they have the right to secede, secession is treason northern insisted, the result will be civil war. President Buchanan tried to solve the dilemma, he first took a tough stance, but in the hands of Congress the right to declare war, he can not get Congress to approve; Buchanan also suggested that Congress passed a constitutional amendment relating to slavery, the amendment will depend on slaves to slave owners of private property. Southern states seceded opposition presidential statement on unconstitutional. The president's proposal does not help the situation. The proposal was delivered shortly after the Congress, South Carolina meeting, decided to secede. A committee drafting the secession resolution. The Committee on December 20, 1860, submitted to the General Assembly resolution. The delegates unanimously adopted South seceded.
February 11, 1861, it was a cold morning, a hundred people in Springfield Station to Lincoln off. Lincoln's old friend on board: Judge Jed and Davis, the newly appointed secretary kichen and two governors. The night before, Lincoln still own fight luggage. Mary Lincoln also is off, a few days later, she went to Washington and Lincoln conducted the inaugural trip. Today, Lincoln first to leave Springfield. Lincoln in the compartment kichen door, impromptu speaking a few words:. "Dear friends, respectively, when no one can imagine, my heart sad, all my achievements are attributed to where I've lived here for a quarter of a century, from the youth grow to become old. Here are my children, one of which has been buried in this here and now I'm going, I do not know when, I do not know will not come back. daunting task in front of me, probably more than self- Since the president of Washington have any task daunting. without God's help, Washington can not succeed! success of my career is also God's hands! Let us believe in God, believe that God is with me, with you, and good the same! Let us hope that all successful, I wish you a happy life "again. Snow falling in Lincoln and saw off the crowd's body. In his speech, Lincoln melancholy voice and eyes, on the death of his son and worries about the future, touched everyone. Train in the morning mist gradually disappear, as we all know, in front of the Lincoln thorns all over, ominous.